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The University of Washington Office of Computing & Communications created Pine in 1989 as a user-friendly character-based mail client for Unix. Pine version 1 was released to the public in 1991 and was the first IMAP client “that had more than a 2-digit user community”! Since then it has evolved into a powerful robust customizable standards-compliant IMAP and NNTP client that is used by millions of people around the world. The UW developed the latest version, 4.64, for MS Windows and many Unix flavours, including Mac OS X. It has been ported by others to many platforms, including OS/2, BeOS, Amiga, and VMS . The title of this page, All About PINE: POP, IMAP, NNTP, & ESMTP, and the signature that I use in public postings might lead you to believe that PINE is an acronym for POP, IMAP, NNTP, & ESMTP, but it isn't! For all the gory details about the history of Pine and its name, see Laurence Lundblade's What “Pine” Really Stands For and the UW Pine Information Center's Pine Project History and Pine Release Chronology & Version Changes . Why Some People Think Pine is for Wimps Pine has a reputation of being for wimps but in fact the current version, 4.64, is quite macho and it requires intelligence (which is often lacking in comp.mail.pine) to understand the documentation and to figure out how to use it optimally. The following are the main reasons that some people think Pine is for wimps. In the default configuration, all power features are turned off. In the default configuration, Pine asks for confirmation for a lot of actions including quitting and expunging. You can turn off these confirmation questions in the Pine Configuration screen. In the default configuration, the Pine startup screen is the Main Menu and a user needs to choose from this menu to get started. You can avoid this “splash screen” or “staging page” and go directly to reading your INBOX (or whatever you want to do) by either starting Pine with command-line arguments or by setting the initial-keystroke-list in your Pine Configuration. Most people do not understand the advantages of using IMAP as their Internet message access protocol and don't take advantage of Pine's IMAP featues. Because they don't use Pine's IMAP features, they don't appreciate that Pine is one of the most robust and mature IMAP clients. Most people don't know about many of the features that have been added to Pine during the last few years. For example, a lot of people don't know that Pine has aggregate commands, filtering, roles, scoring, and templates; lets you access multiple IMAP, NNTP, SMTP, & POP servers; lets you search specific headers or the full text of messages in a mailbox or search across multiple mailboxes; lets you store mailboxes, address books, signatures and pinerc files on IMAP servers; runs on MS Windows, Mac OS X, Amiga, VMS, BeOS, all flavors of Unix, and many other platforms; and has hundreds of settings that you can customize. In The Linux Mail User HOWTO, Eric Raymond perpetuates the Pine ignorance I describe above by saying that he finds Pine's “impoverished command set, limited configurability and native editor hard to take.” Pine has neither an impoverished command set nor limited configurability; and its native editor, Pico, can be replaced using Pine's editor variable, the enable-alternate-editor-cmd feature, and optionally the enable-alternate-editor-implicitly feature. Below are some more reasons that some people are wary of Pine. Pine and Pico Vulnerabilities in Older Versions Pine, along with most other mail and news clients, has had some security and privacy vulnerabilities. Fortunately, the Pine team has quickly released patches to fix these problems and there are currently no known Pine vulnerabilities (as long as you practice safe computing). To find out more about security and privacy in Pine, see Security and Privacy Features below. To find out about past Pine and Pico vulnerabilities, see the following links. Patch and rebuild Pine using Eduardo Chappa's patch to Fix a bug that makes Pine not to give a warning if the Newsgroup header is present. Use a version of Pine that does not have this problem. (Does anyone know which is the most up-to-date version of Pine that does not have this problem???) Turn off all NNTP posting in Pine by unsetting the nntp-server variable in Pine's Main > Setup > Config screen, and if you are using Pine 4.56 or later, unsetting the nntp-server variable in all your roles, and if you are using Pine 4.56 or later, unsetting the predict-nntp-server feature, and unsetting quell-extra-post-prompt so that if Pine is about to post to a newsgroup, you will be asked if you really want to do that. Route your incoming mail messages through this Procmail recipe, which renames the Newsgroups header if it exists in an incoming mail message. Route your incoming mail messages through a Procmail recipe that adds a Followup-To: poster header if a Newsgroups header exists. This will prevent Pine from publicly posting a reply to a private email message, but unfortunately it will also prevent Pine from publicly posting a reply to a message that was both publicly posted and privately mailed. (not practical for most Pine users) Mainly use Pine as a newsreader, i.e. for reading, replying to, and posting newsgroup messages, and never use Pine to reply to a message that is in a mailbox (i.e., a folder of type Email ). Note that solutions #5 and #6 solve the problem only for mail messages that have been processed by the relevant Procmail recipe. Any archived mail message that contains a Newsgroups header and did not pass through one of these, or similar, Procmail recipes will be vulnerable to this problem. Comparison of Pine and Its Main Competitors Pine's main strengths are that 1) it's a great IMAP client and 2) it's a great non-GUI mail client. If you are looking for a program that is both of these, then Pine is the program for you. If you are not so concerned about IMAP but you want a great non-GUI mail client, then Pine's main competitor is Mutt. If you want a great IMAP client but you do not care whether it is console-based (non-GUI), then Mulberry, SeaMonkey Suite, and Thunderbird are Pine's main competitors. Below I compare Pine to these four programs. The Non-GUI Arena: Mutt versus Pine Some of the most vocal scorners of Pine are Mutt users. I sometimes consider switching to Mutt because it allows a user to redefine keys, it has a macro language, it can be run non-interactively so you can use it in a script, it uses an open development model (as opposed to Pine's more closed development model), and it's FLOSS. But I always come back to Pine because: Mutt does not support user-defined labels/keywords (or if it does, no one seems to know). For information about keywords, see Setting Up Keywords (Labels) on the Power Pine page and this item & the item below it in the section What to Look For in an IMAP Service Provider on my IMAP Service Providers page. Mutt's address books (AKA aliases) suck and the plug-in abook and Little Brother's Database (lbdb) do not have nearly the functionality of Pine address books. For example, you cannot store your Mutt personal address books on an IMAP server. This is especially useful for doing server-based greenlisting and bluelisting. In the message Re: Store mutt configuration on an IMAP server? in comp.mail.mutt, Michael Elkins said “Mutt does not have this functionality [storing config files on an IMAP server]. Pine does a pretty good job of this . . . ” As discussed in the thread Muttrc equivalent of /etc/pine.conf.fixed in comp.mail.mutt, Mutt cannot use a system-wide fixed configuration file. For details about why this is useful and how to set it up in Pine, see Compartmentalizing and Sharing Your Pine Configuration. Mutt has not been ported to MS Windows and I want to be able to use the same client on all the operating systems that I use. Mutt can run in Cygwin but it doesn't have all the features of Unix Mutt (problems with mailcap, urlview, and muttprint) and you don't get the GUI features that you get with PC-Pine. Mutt is not an NNTP client. If you are a purist who thinks that a program should do one and only one thing, and do it well, consider that a mailing list and a news group are functionally the same (from a user's perspective) and there is no reason that a program should do one and not the other. IMHO of course! Mutt does not let you specify an SMTP server because it assumes you have installed and want to use a local mailer daemon (sendmail, postfix, etc). This is especially a problem for people who are on a system with a dial-up connection to the Net because many spam fighting tools block mail that is sent directly from dial-ups. For more information about Mutt and SMTP, see the Mutt FAQ. Mutt does not support nicknames (aliases) for mailboxes. You can simulate nicknames with macros, but this is a pain compared to using Pine's incoming-folders and their nicknames. Mutt does not have built-in form letters, templates, roles, or filters. You can simulate roles with macros or folder-hooks, but these are a pain compared to Pine's roles. Mutt cannot search across multiple mailboxes. Mutt was not originally designed to be an IMAP client but instead has been retrofitted with some IMAP functionality. Because of this, it is does not have all the IMAP features and robustness that Pine has. For example: mutt-users list: In the message Re: Mutt, imap and attachments, Michael Elkins said “There isn't any way to do this [not download attachments] with Mutt. It will always download the entire message and parse it locally. PINE might be a better option for you if this is important.” comp.mail.mutt: Mutt is not able to search through a mailbox that is accessible only via IMAP mutt-users list: Re: Mutt IMAP indexing slower than Pine? mutt-users list: Re: imap behavior -- “Unfortunately for IMAP users, mutt does not have the concept of separate write-status-back-to-mailbox and purge-away-deleted-messages commands” mutt-users list: the thread saved messages appear as "new" comp.mail.mutt: In the 2005-Jan-14 message account-hook, Brendan Cully said that IMAP “supports things like server-side threading, sorting and searching, but mutt hasn't picked up on that yet.” Many of Mutt's IMAP-related settings cannot be set for a specific IMAP server, but instead are set for all the IMAP servers to which Mutt connects. For example, this is the case with imap_delim_chars -- this is a problem if you access both UW IMAP and Courier IMAP servers and you want to be able to use dot (.) in the name of a mailbox on the UW server or forward slash (/) in the name of a mailbox on a Courier server. IMAP passwords are stored in plain text in the .muttrc (using set imap_pass=password) does not let me use an alternate editor in the Mac and MS-Windows versions; you can use an alternate editor in the Linux and Solaris versions does not display the From header when I'm composing a message (but it does display the name of the role I'm using); both Mozilla and Pine can be setup so that the From header is displayed and editable during composition inserts a line break in a long URL in a message that I send and then, unfortunately, people who are using Pine and many other messaging clients cannot simply click on the multi-line URL to view it (see my RFC 2396 Pine wish for more about this) does not do 8-bit ESMTP negotiation so a message that contains high ascii characters, such as the £ symbol, is encoded as quoted-printable does not have a way to easily open any mailbox on any IMAP server. You need to first go to Preferences and create an Account for the IMAP server. In Pine you can type G (for Go) and then specify any mailbox on any IMAP or NNTP server. does not have a way to score messages, and thus no option to view a score column in a mailbox index and no option to sort a mailbox by score (this is very useful for spam/non-spam separation) does not speak NNTP (both Pine and Mozilla do) is not as fast as Pine at downloading and displaying the message headers in a mailbox's index. does not buffer PageUp or PageDown keystrokes. In Pine I can press PageUp (or the minus key) 10 times, for example, and then go do other tasks and come back and Pine will have downloaded and moved up ten pages of headers in the mailbox index. In Mulberry, doing this downloads and moves up only one page of headers and the other 9 PageUp keystrokes are lost in the ether. “My system administrator over at DigitalDaze told me to check out PC-Pine... I'm glad I did. It's wonderful! If you want to check your e-mail remotely (IMAP), this works great. It was the only thing I could use to delete all the unwanted messages on Lockergnome's server.” Quick Visual Scanning of a “Catchall” Mailbox for Non-Spam Messages I agree with Chris Pirillo (quoted in the previous section) that Pine is a great tool for cleaning out mailboxes, especially a “catchall” mailbox, which for me contains mostly spam. The way I deal with my catchall mailbox is to open it about once a week and sort (order) it in a way that makes it easy for me to scan the Pine Message Index and find the non-spam messages, if there are any. Sort a Mailbox by Spam Score If the messages in your catchall mailbox have been tagged with a spam score by a spam-detection tool, such as SpamAssassin, you can locate non-spam messages by sorting the mailbox by spam score using either Pine's “Pine is fast, reliable, can handle tons of mail and is flexible too. ... Pine is an excellent email client and this writer recommends it to anyone who spends more than 5 minutes a day on email. ” In his IMAP Client Perspectives page, Tom Karches of North Carolina State University's Information Technology Systems says PC-Pine is the: Seven Philosophical Reasons to Use Pine To me, choosing to use Pine is more than just a software choice. By using Pine, I am choosing not to use a bloated commercial proprietary program and I am choosing to support a standards-based, plug-and-play, multi-platform program that is shipped with its source code. Pine . . . Pine in its default configuration is vulnerable to executable attachments but, unlike many other mail clients, you can fix this vulnerability by using either a global or pine-specific mailcap file. In the rest of this section I discuss email vulnerabilities, how you can protect yourself from some of them, and security & privacy areas that I think Pine needs improvement. Starting with Pine 4.0, Pine can do basic rendering of a message body (or body part) that is in HTML format. Because Pine can not display images, Pine users are not vulnerable to the "bugged" HTML messages that are described in these articles: Run multiple instances at the same time so you can, for example, be viewing your personal inbox, a mailing list, your backup-all mailbox, and a news group all at the same time. Access and update any mailbox — in any mailbox format — that resides on an IMAP server (as long as the IMAP server can serve that type of mailbox). For example, you can access Maildir mailboxes using Pine and either a Courier or Dovecot IMAP server. Access and update many different mailbox formats that reside in your local file system, including the following formats: If you are not a Pine user, these commands probably look cryptic but they are actually logical and easy to memorize. For example, I remember ; A A D by thinking Select All Apply Delete (because ;=Select, A=All, A=Apply, and D=Delete). After you use Pine's power commands for a few weeks, you will be able to quickly invoke these key sequences. If you don't like flames, you can use Pine filters, which are available in Pine 4.20 and later, to "kill" flamers so you won't see messages from them. To set up a filter, either type MSRRF (Main > Setup > Rules > Roles > Filters) or when you are viewing a message from a flamer type TF (TakeTo > Filters). If someone is especially obnoxious, I set the filter folder type to "Any" so both the flamer's news and email messages are automatically deleted. To me this is a very satisfying response. And a side benefit is that flamers are quite annoyed by being ignored. Another way to deal with a flame, especially one directed at you, is to have a Zen attitude and just let it roll over you, smiling silently to yourself about the paradoxical nature of the universe. For more about Pine flames, see Sven Guckes' Flaming - Internet Xtreme Sports - NancyBoys!, which is archived at The Wayback Machine here, and at a number of other URLs listed here . Pine has built-in search commands that can search either a specific header or the full text of messages in one or multiple mailboxes. Details are at the UW in Can I search all my folders for a particular message using Pine? and in the comp.mail.pine threads complex mail folder searches and Search? Horde/IMP (H3) 4.0+ is web-based IMAP client that can search through multiple mailboxes and present the search results as a single “virtual mailbox.” Horde/IMP is my current ( 27-Sep-2007) preferred way to search my gigabytes of stored IMAP messages. AFAICT, it is entirely compatible with Pine, even when Pine and Horde/IMP are operating on the same mailbox. If you are looking for a provider that offers the Horde/IMP web-based IMAP client, see my IMAP Service Providers page — if you want to use virtual mailboxes and saved searches, make sure you choose a provider that is using IMP 4.0 or later. Mulberry runs on Linux, Solaris, MS Windows, & Mac OS and has a powerful search engine for simultaneously searching both local and IMAP-accessible mailboxes. As I discuss above, this is one of the ways that I use Mulberry as a complement to Pine. David Coppit's grepmail is a perl program that searches normal and compressed mbox-formatted mailboxes. Cristin Pietsch's grepine is a wrapper for grepmail. Daniel Spiljar's mboxgrep Richard Curnow's mairix is a program for indexing and searching messages stored in Maildir- and MH-formatted folders. It's available at FreshMeat.net and at rc0.org.uk. (Does anyone know if mairix can be used when messages are stored in Maildir-format and accessed by Pine via Courier IMAP? E.g., is there a Pine plug-in or patch that can take advantage of the mairix index???) Mailbag Assistant — MS Windows program to search, organize, archive, and if you like, HTMLize, mailboxes. Mailbag Assistant 3.0 and later support traditional Unix mail spool format mailboxes (called “Generic mail files” in MBA). MBA was nominated for a 2002 Shareware Industry Award. groups.google.com Advanced Search is fabulous at searching archives of Usenet messages back to 1981. Since most Usenet servers automatically expire (delete) messages that are older than X, where X is a lot less than 24 years, it is not likely that you'll be able to search your Usenet server for messages dating back to 1981! NexTrieve Ultralite dmoz.org: Computers: Software: Information Retrieval: Fulltext dmoz.org: Computers: Software: Internet: Authoring: Converters rss2email -- GPL'd Python script nntp//rss -- Java-based tool that enables you to read your RSS syndicated content within an NNTP newsreader The Prayer Webmail System -- can import/export local and remote pine .addressbook format files HOWTO: POPFile with Pine by stainedglass (Joshua Yockey) Using Aspell with Pine Ulf Erikson's Useful programs -- list of programs that can be useful in cooperation with Mutt; most can be used with either Unix or PC Pine Pine-Tools -- a group of utilities and a program called contact, designed to allow Pine users to store extended contact information in the Pine addressbook. Filters to export and import Pine addressbooks in various formats are also included. Procmail Spam Assassin (SA) vim and gvim (GUI vim) -- amazing text editor that runs on Unix, MS Windows, and other platforms pine.vim -- syntax highlighting when you edit your pinerc with vim (bundled with vim) David Pascoe's _vimrc settings -- used when vim is used as your PC-Pine alternate editor; to see the Pine-related settings, search Dave's _vimrc file for ae (which is what PC-Pine names the beginning of its alternate editor files) Cream for Vim -- Cream adds a long list of features to Vim, all available from familiar keyboard shortcuts and pull-down menus. Vipul's Razor and Razor reporting with Pine NoteTab -- MS Windows award-winning text editor that does encryption/decryption, ROT13, CRC32, MD5, and UUEncode/UUDecode operations, formatting and quoting/unquoting of email text and text fragments, and lots more (you can use NoteTab to get around the fact that PC-Pine can't do piping) File-Ex -- MS Windows award-winning tool to enlarge and enhance the File Open and File Save dialogs; great PC-Pine companion for saving and attaching attachments Stuart Whitmore's Web-based ROT13/ROT47 Encoder/Decoder ClipCache Text Cleanup Demo -- web-based tool for cleaning up text of an email message randomsig muttprint - can be used with pine Tim Charron's BLAT for Windows Jarek Gawor and Gregor von Laszewski's LDAP Browser/Editor Bruce Guenter's nullmailer -- simple relay-only mail transfer agent; can queue messages when the smarthost is down and then send them when it's up again Pete Maclean's MIMS -- “standalone IMAP Server for Windows (95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP). MIMS is completely free software that you are welcome to use in any way you find useful.” Thomas G. Liesner's Hamster "Classic" -- Win32 local news- and mail-server David Harris's Mercury Mail Transport System is a comprehensive mail server for Windows and NetWare networks that includes an IMAP server, a powerful content control management system for handling unwanted mail, support for external tasks such as virus scanning and archiving, fully-programmable automatic reply logic and much more mailutilities.com: Autoroute SMTP David J. Kernen's Mail::IMAPClient - IMAP Client API that allows perl scripts to interact with IMAP message stores POP-before-SMTP Mail Proxy Page SMTP-after-POP - free perl script for efficient SMPT-after-POP on servers with sendmail 8.x and the UW IMAP4/POP3 server Alessandro Dotti Contra's Archmbox is a simple perl script that parses one or more regular mbox files and archives all messages older than a specified date. “It is intended that Pine can be learned by exploration rather than reading manuals. ” And it would, I hope, reduce the frequency of this question in the Pine discussion groups! This was discussed in the pine-info mailing list and Frank Tobin posted an insightful message in which he said: “If it was possible to do this from the on-line Pine configuration, such as you can do in the PC-Pine version, it wouldn't be a FAQ. ” Mike A. Harris responded with an eloquent message in which he said: “A lot of software FAQ's exist because a program does not do what users expect it to do. An "FAQ" is a hint to software engineers to design the software in such a way that no FAQ is required. ” I responded with a possible solution that would make changing the From header easier . Another possible solution is to change the Pine Setup screen so that the first item (or region of the Setup screen) were “Set Default Role” and a user would go there to set the default signature, template, Fcc, and headers (From, Organization, Bcc, etc.). In addition to making it easy to set the From header, this would help users to understand that these settings are an example of a role. I discuss roles and lots more about this on Changing Your From Header in Pine -- this page includes links to many other web pages that discuss this problem and its solutions. Wish #6: Let Users Choose Their Default Local Mailbox Format As I discuss above in my list of Pine Features, one of the great things about Pine is that it can access, update, and create many different local mailbox formats, including MH, c-client MBX, and traditional Unix mail spool (mbox) formats. And if a mailbox resides on an IMAP server, Pine lets the IMAP protocol and the IMAP server deal with the mailbox format so that any format that's supported by the server can be accessed, updated, and created by Pine. This includes MS Exchange, Lotus, Cyrus, maildir, and many other mailbox formats. I am a big fan of modularization and in the ideal world, everyone would access mailboxes using a protocol such as IMAP or NNTP and the issue of mailbox formats would be dealt with by the protocol & the server and be independent of the client. Unfortunately, many of us use a system on which we do not have control of things like the IMAP server and we need to use old-fashioned file-system calls to access some of our mailboxes. For those of us in this situation, it would be great if it were possible for a user to tell Pine what default local mailbox format to use. For more about this issue, see: If this is one of your Pine wishes, please participate in the pine-info discussion with subject Re: folder format in pcpine — it seems that this feature is being considered by the Pine Team ! Miscellaneous Pine Wishes The Pine wishes in this section are in addition to my #1, #2, #3, #4, and #5 wishes above and my categorized wishes below. GUI and PC-Pine Wishes Be able to double click anywhere on a word and have it selected. I'd like to be able to do this on any screen in both Pine and Pico. Give PC-Pine users the option to have selected text automatically copied to the clipboard. This is standard mouse behavior in Unix Window Systems (xterm) and configurable in some MS Windows applications such as SecureCRT. Be able to use the pipe command in PC-Pine so MS-Windows users can easily use PGP and other sending and display filters. [This is implemented in Pine 4.60 and later.] Be able to select a group of messages from a Pine folder index using the mouse. For example, using standard MS Windows SHIFT+Click or CTRL+Click to select contiguous or discontiguous sets of messages. A true GUI Pine for Unix Window Systems, MS Windows, Mac OS X, and other GUI desktop environments, that would support, for example, dragging & dropping messages into mailboxes. Make the source code available for the current PC-Pine (4.64). The source code is available for PC-Pine 3.96 and earlier.

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